Houghton Library: creatorOf 26,504 (5.5%) people were Catholic, 4720 (0.97%) adhered to Reformed churches. When Charles' brother William VIII arrived in Brunswick on 10 September, he was received joyfully by the people. The duchy was located in what is now northwestern Germany. Brunswick County is a member of the regional Cape Fear Council of Governments. A work from the collections of the de Young and Legion of … In 1428 they exchanged, with their uncle Bernard I, Lüneburg for Wolfenbüttel. The Wolfenbüttel Line retained its independence, except from 1807 to 1813, when it and Hanover were merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia. While the Kingdom of Hanover was annexed by Prussia in 1866, the Duchy of Brunswick remained sovereign and independent. The Wolfenbüttel Line retained its independence, except from 1807 to 1813, when it and Hanover were merged into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia. [1], In the aftermath of the July Revolution in 1830, Charles finally had to abdicate. Ruler of the only land that was still not in Hanoverian lands, to which it would never belong. Albert also moved the residence to. The last mentioned retained the position of elector even after the Holy Roman Empire was abolished by its last emperor in 1806. After several early divisions, Brunswick-Lüneburg re-unified under Duke Magnus II (d. 1373). France, the UK and the USA co-signed treaties that would have ousted Hanover and placed them in the hands of Charles II, had they followed through. In 1494, they divided their lands. The House of Brunswick originated from the Italian House of Este. After a little over a decade, the matter of the disputed electorate was settled upon the heir, and the new Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (acceded as duke on 23 January 1698), George I Louis was able to style himself the Elector of Brunswick and Lüneburg from 1708. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 turned it into an independent state under the name Duchy of Brunswick. Abdicated to his sons in 1491. By a law of 1879, the Duchy of Brunswick established a temporary council of regency to take over at the Duke's death. The princes are numbered by the year of their succession. countries. Other branches that did not have full sovereignty existed in the Dannenberg, Harburg, Gifhorn, Bevern, Osterode, Herzberg, Salzderhelden and Einbeck. When he came of age there was immediate confrontation and open protests on an annual and consistent basis. First, the young duke had a dispute over the date of his majority. History Dukes and Electors of Brunswick-Lüneburg. As he left no male descendants, the land had no heir and was occupied by the Principality of Wolfenbüttel. Like most of his predecessors, he had financial problems, so he was often forced to sell or pledge major parts of his possession and he had to demand high taxes. In 1866 Prussia annexed the territories and refused to recognize the Kingdom of Hanover or any of those new titles. Colloquially the Electorate was also known as the Electorate of Hanover or as Kurhannover. The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. Proofread and pages added by Jonathan Perry, March 2001. In the wake of his death, Elector Wenceslas appointed Bernard, his brother-in-law, as co-regent involved him in the government. The land passed to his brothers. After the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Calenberg-Celle and its possessions were added to by the Congress of Vienna ending the Napoleonic war, being born anew under the name of Kingdom of Hanover (including Brunswick-Lüneburg). Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. While a total of about a dozen subdivisions that existed, some were only dynastic and not recognised as states of the Empire, which at one time had over 1500 such legally recognized entities. In 1692 this country was raised to the dignity of the ninth electorate, as Hanover (or Bruswick-Lüneburg). Bavaria and Saxony. Anna passed away on November 6 … [20] The greater coat of arms of the Duchy of Brunswick, as adopted in 1834, shows a shield with a ducal crown on top and surrounded by the insignia of the Order of Henry the Lion. Other country dishes in the coastal region are Steckrübeneintopf and Birnen, Bohnen und Speck, both types of stew. These acts were officially declared as an English invasion and usurpation in the edict of Charles II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel on May 10, 1827. At his death without male descendants, the land passed to his son-in-law, the, Sons of Augustus II, ruled jointly from 1685 to 1702. The territory assigned to the Electorate included the Brunswick-Lüneburg principalities of Calenberg, Grubenhagen, and Lüneburg (even though at the time Lüneburg was ruled by Ernest Augustus's older brother) and the counties of Diepholz and Hoya. Again important possessions were gained in (Lower) Saxony by the marriage of Henry the Black to Wulfhilde of Saxony (d 1126), daughter of the last member of the House of Billung, who had been Dukes of Saxony for five generations. All held the title Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.George died in 1641 and was succeeded by: Christian Louis, 1st son of Duke George, Prince of Calenberg (1641–1648) and Prince of Lüneburg (1648–1665).He relinquished Calenburg when he became Prince of Lüneburg. John abdicated 1364 to join the clergy and Albert became sole ruler. George I of Great Britain. The standard of the dukes of Brunswick given by Siebmachers Wappenbuch, Nuremberg 1878, shows the white horse on a red cloth - this, however, is today assumed to have been in error. (Redirected from Prince of Lüneburg) The Principality of Lüneburg (later also referred to as Celle) was a territorial division of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg within the Holy Roman Empire, immediately subordinate to the emperor. After being split in the course of the years into smaller and smaller principalities it Grubenhagen finally returned in 1596 to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. The subsequent history of the dukedom and its subordinate principalities was characterised by numerous divisions and reunifications. The Duchy's highest peak was the Wurmberg at 971 metres (3,186 ft). Robinson's Note: Their son, Henry the Proud was the son-in-law and heir of Emperor Lothair of Supplinburg and became also duke of Saxony on Lothair's death. the Elector of Hanover, but the Wolfenbüttel line retained its independence from Hanover. Crowned arms within Order, with supporters… Imprisoned by his brother William, who took his place. Son of Anthony Ulrich. Ferdinand, Charles-Guillaume Duc de Brunswick-Lunebourg 1721-1792 Ferdinand, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, 1721-1792 Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, 1721-1792 Select from premium Duke Of Brunswick Lüneburg of the highest quality. Portraits of Duke Erik I of Brunswick-Calenberg and Duchess Elisabet, Princess of Brandenburg - Nationalmuseum - 15276.tif 3,138 × 4,004; 35.98 MB Erik I, 1470-1549, hertig av Braunscweig-Calenberg - Nationalmuseum - 32848.tif 2,228 × 3,682; 23.5 MB the Electorate of Hanover, circa 1789. When the main line of descent became extinct in 1884, the German Emperor withheld the rightful heir, the Crown Prince of Hanover, from taking control, instead installing a regent. Ferdinand Albert was the third son of Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. English: A map of the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a.k.a. Brunonia, the national personification of Brunswick. The state lay ran from the northern part of the Solling hills and the River Leine near Einbeck and north of the Eichsfeld on and in the southwestern Harz. In the course of the 19th-century history of Germany, the duchy was part of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation and from 1871 the German Empire. [17] The dukes of Brunswick later added the blue lion to their arms as well, to show their own claim to the territory of Lüneburg. Anna married Barnim Xi, Duke of Pomerania on February 2 1525, at age 22. It was not just happenstance but similar religious driven politics that brought about the circumstance that he was also put into the line of succession for the British crown by the Act of Settlement— which was written to ensure a Protestant succession to the thrones of Scotland and England at a time when anti-Catholic sentiment ran high in much of Northern Europe and much of Great Britain. Brothers of Francis Otto, ruled jointly. The western part with the town of Holzminden extended from the river Weser in the east to the Harz Foreland in the west. When the imperial ban was placed on Henry the Lion in 1180, he lost his titles as Duke of Saxony and Duke of Bavaria. However, his death without descendants allowed his cousins (sons of Albert) to reunite Grubenhagen. Healthcare for Brits in Brunswick and Lüneburg. As a result, Prussia was unwilling to let George V of Hanover or his son, Ernest Augustus, succeed to Brunswick. They were made Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg in 1235. Henry the Black, duke of Bavaria from 1120–1126, was the first of the three dukes of the Welf dynasty called Henry.His wife Wulfhild was the heiress of the house of Billung, possessing the territory around Lüneburg in Lower Saxony. According to reports dating to 1677, Rudolf Augustus slashed a way through the Lechlum Forest, the. The unifying element of all these territories was that they were ruled by male-line descendants of Duke Otto I (ruled 1235-1252). The land passed to his brother Wolfgang. The title "Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg" (German: Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg) was held, from 1235 on, by various members of the Welf family who ruled several small territories in northwest Germany.These holdings did not have all of the formal characteristics of a state, being neither compact nor indivisible. Ruled jointly with his brother Bernard until 1464. The need for a Regent ended in 1913. His rule was marked by several feuds, financed by pledges (Verpfändungen), involving border and property disputes with his neighbours. The districts were further subdivided into cities or towns (Städte) and more rural townships (Ämter). Shared rule with his brother John. According to the 1885 census, 84.90% (316,208 people) of the Duchy's inhabitants held citizenship of Brunswick, while 54,738 people (14.70%) were citizens of other German states. The estates of the different dynastic lines could be inherited by a side line when a particular family died out. 1506 people (0.40%) were foreign nationals, among those 785 came from Austria-Hungary, 133 from the United Kingdom, 112 from the United States, 91 from Italy, 83 from the Russian Empire, and 81 from Switzerland. Fulfilling the agreement of Hanover, married the daughter of the Duke Wenceslaus of Saxe-Wittenberg. The Principality of Lüneburg emerged alongside the Principality of Brunswick in 1269 when the inheritance of the Duchy was divided. This family acquired the inheritance of the Guelph family by marriage — around the year 1000 — of Azzo II with Kunigunde of Altdorf, daughter of Welf II. When several sons of a Duke competed for power, the lands often became divided between them; when a branch of the family lost power or became extinct, the lands were reallocated among surviving members of the family; different dukes might also exchange territories. The Brunswick Ducal Corps is the 9th and newest faction added into the game, being added on the 17th of July, 2020. After the murder of their brother Frederick I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, brothers Bernard and Henry redivided the land, Henry receiving the territory of Wolfenbüttel. His lands passed to collateral lines of the Lüneburg Welfs. Most countries agreed as well, that he remained the de jure (and 10 years de facto) Duke and recognized all his execution of office as de facto. www.osullivanagenices.com 1630–1636. Decades later, the families were reconciled by the marriage of the Crown Prince's son to the Emperor's only daughter, and the Emperor allowed his son-in-law to assume rule (his father having renounced his own right). After Otto's death Magnus and Ernest divided the land: Magnus received Wolfenbüttel and Ernest Göttingen. It existed from 1269 until 1705 and its territory lay within the modern-day state of Lower Saxony in Germany. Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. In 1847, MTV Braunschweig was founded as the first sports club in Brunswick. In 1269 divided the land with him, and became Prince of Luneburg. While Otto's coat of arms showed the three golden lions of England, Henry used only two. Augustus's sons succeeded him, sometimes ruling together: Anthony Ulrich's sons succeeded him in sequence: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Gerhard Schildt (eds. The Duchy remained independent and joined first the North German Confederation and in 1871 the German Empire. In 1918, with the abolition of the monarchy, all nobles titles were equally abolished. For this reason, many cities and provinces in former British colonies are named after Brunswick or Lüneburg. In the 10th year of his reign he was driven from the Duchy, and had since condemned these treasonous acts of his brother and Hanover as capital offenses, and sentenced them as such. His son Christian Louis and his brothers inherited Celle in 1648 and thereafter shared it and Calenberg between themselves; a closely related branch of the family ruled separately in Wolfenbüttel. Prussia recognized Duke Charles II as the rightful Duke, although in exile. It’s a good idea for UK citizens to check with NaTHNaC (National Travel Health Network and Centre) at least 2 months before their trip to Brunswick and Lüneburg.. Accordingly, he was allowed to ascend the throne of the Duchy in November 1913. The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was formed out of the possessions of senior branch of the House of Brunswick. Due to financial problems, was obliged to replace his father. William originally considered himself only his brother's regent, but after a year declared himself ruling duke. In the event, George I succeeded his second cousin Anne, Queen of Great Britain — the last reigning member of the House of Stuart, and subsequently formed a personal union from 1 August 1714 between the British crown and the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg (electorate of Hanover) which would last until well after the end of the Napoleonic wars more than a century later—including even through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and the rise of a new successor kingdom. From 1705 onward, all other portions of Brunswick-Lüneburg except Wolfenbüttel had been held by the Prince of Calenberg and Celle, i.e. In 1463, attached the. Otto restricted the rights of the knights and safeguarded public order. The territory of Wolfenbüttel was recognized as a sovereign state by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. William died without descendants, and Albert reunited his land with his brother's. Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick and Luneburg with her children George and Sophia Dorothea. The resulting state was known under many different names (Brunswick-Lüneburg, Calenberg, Calenberg-Celle; its ruler was often known as the "Elector of Hanover". The southern part with the town of Blankenburg was located in the Harz mountains. PIC is the international leader in the provision of continuous genetic improvement in pig breeding stock and in world class technical support to the global pork supply chain. Robinson, ed., Readings in European History 2 vols. The first Hanoverian King of Great Britain, George I of Great Britain, was the reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and was finally made an official and recognized prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1708. Princess of Ahlden, de jure Queen of Great Britain. In 1269 divided the land with him, and became Prince of Brunswick. Inherited Lüneburg as he was son of Elisabeth, daughter of William the Elder. Find a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com: accessed ), memorial page for Amalia Wilhelmina of Brunswick-Lüneburg (21 Apr 1673–10 Apr 1742), Find a Grave Memorial no. After his death in 1252, he was succeeded by his sons, Albert the Tall and John, who ruled the dukedom jointly. [21] The new lesser coat of arms introduced under William VIII was a return to the arms of Brunswick-Lüneburg, displayed on a crowned shield supported by two lions. Brunswick belongs almost entirely to the basin of the river Weser, into which the Oker, the Aller and the Leine, having their sources in the Harz, discharge their waters. Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1442 – 8 April 1512 in Wienhausen) ... With the death of her stepson Ulrich II the Mecklenburg-Stargard line died out and the indebted country fell to Mecklenburg-Schwerin, which was not responsible for the maintenance of Stargard's widow. ***If you chose Registered mail then I accept full responsibility if the item is lost in the mail. Albert the Tall (Latin: Albertus Longus, German: Albrecht der Große) (1236–1279), of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1252 to 1269 and the first ruler of the newly created Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1269 until his death. The biggest and most populous of those was the area surrounding the cities of Braunschweig, Wolfenbüttel and Helmstedt as well as the Elm, which extended from the river Aller in the north to the Harz mountains in the south. The use of the lion as a heraldic animal in the House of Guelph goes back to Henry the Lion in the 12th century at least. HSH Duke Christian of Brunswick and Lüneburg (Since 1679:) HSH Prince Christian of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg * Schloß Iburg, Hanover, September 29th n.s., 1671 † (drowned in action) in the River Danube near Ulm, July 31st, 1703; HSH Duke Ernst August of Brunswick and Lüneburg The Duchy of Brunswick (German: Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. His absolutist governing style had alienated the nobility and bourgeoisie, while the lower classes were disaffected by the bad economic situation. With sole rights to the duchy Brunswick-Lüneburg, he provided a conditional sub-lease of the principality of Lüneburg to the princes of Calenburg with the conditions of payment to the Wolfenbüttel heirs (Chief of the House), together with the guarantee that only his descendants would inherit this senior principality of Wolfenbüttel. From 1546 Wolfenbüttel became the residence of the senior prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Henry, Duke of Brunswick-Dannenberg. Its capital was the city of Brunswick (Braunschweig). This page was last edited on 10 January 2021, at 22:04. During the first half of the 19th century, the Kingdom of Hanover was ruled as personal union by the British crown from its creation under George III of the United Kingdom, the last elector of Hanover until the death of William IV in 1837. In 1291 divided the land: Henry received Grubenhagen, William Wolfenbüttel and Albert Göttingen. Not to be confused with Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Sybille of Brunswick-Lüneburg: William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 3 June 1584 23 November 1617 19 January 1598 husband's death: 5 August 1652 Dorothea of Anhalt-Zerbst: Rudolph, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst 25 September 1607 26 October 1623 11 August 1634 husband inherits Wolfenbüttel: 26 September 1634 Augustus II After Otto's death in 1352, William ruled alone. [16] The blue lion of Lüneburg was adopted by John I of Lüneburg, who based his coat of arms on the coat of arms of Denmark to emphasise his kinship with the Danish kings. All of its TV products are manufactured at a specially developed production facility in the North East of England and are distributed in the UK and Europe through major retailers offline and on. In 1546 the house of Brunswick-Lüneburg divided into the branches of Lüneburg (principality of Hanover) and Wolfenbüttel (the duchy of Brunswick). [1][2] By 1692, the territories had consolidated to two: the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Ferdinand, Charles-Guillaume Duc de Brunswick-Lunebourg 1721-1792 Ferdinand, Herzog zu Braunschweig und Lüneburg, 1721-1792 Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, 1721-1792 The Duchy of Brunswick State Railway was the first state railway in Germany. It was thought that this faction would never be added ever since Cody's announcement that he had stopped developing the game, however, the faction ended up being included in the Brunswick Update. The Duchy's smaller exclaves were Thedinghausen near Bremen, Harzburg, Calvörde, Bodenburg and Östrum, Ostharingen near Goslar, Ölsburg near Peine and a small woodland near the Fallstein. When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was divided in 1635, George inherited the Principality of Calenberg and moved his residence to Hanover. to Augustus, son of Henry of Dannenberg. uCoin.net is an International Catalog of World Coins. In 1634, as a result of inheritance distributions, it went to the House of Lüneburg, before becoming an independent principality again in 1635, when it was given to George, younger brother of Prince Ernest II of Lüneburg, who chose Hanover as his Residenz. I don't like waiting that long but c ustoms in your country can and maybe slow (they certainly are in Canada). On Frederick Ulrich's death, his complex of territories passed to a line of distant cousins ruling in Lüneburg. The land passed to his brother, Christian. Find the perfect Duke Of Brunswick Lüneburg stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. In the List of Reichstag participants (1792), the following four subdivisions of Brunswick-Lüneburg had recognized representation: By 1705 only two Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg survived, one ruling Calenberg, Lüneburg and other possessions, and the other ruling Wolfenbüttel. Ruled jointly. Younger son of William VI. Proofread by Angela Rubenstein, February 1997. The major rivers that ran through Brunswick were the Weser, Aller, Leine, Oker, Bode and Innerste. Berlin would only agree to the Hanoverians becoming dukes of Brunswick under severe conditions, including swearing allegiance to the German constitution and renouncing all claim to Hanover. The Congress of Vienna of 1815 turned it into an independent state under the name Duchy of Brunswick. Coins: Brunswick-Lüneburg. In 1440 Henry V divided Grubenhagen with his brother, Albert. The Congress turned it into an independent country under the name Duchy of Brunswick. At that point, the crown of Hanover went to William's younger brother, Ernest, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale under the Salic laws requiring the next male heir to inherit, whereas the British throne was inherited by an elder brother's only daughter, Queen Victoria. When his brother, Christian Louis died childless in 1665, George William inherited Luneburg. Duke of Brunswick, 1792 J.H. frederick william, duke of brunswick-wolfenbüttel (9 october 1771 – 16 june 1815) was a german prince and duke of brunswick-lüneburg and oels - duke of brunswick lüneburg stock illustrations charles, duke of brunswick-lüneburg (1735-1806), wood engraving, published in 1893 - duke of brunswick lüneburg stock illustrations These holdings did not have all of the formal characteristics of a modern unitary state, being neither compact nor indivisible. content language. In 1569 Henry founded the duchy of. The Duchy of Brunswick (Herzogtum Braunschweig) was a historical German state. He was the last Catholic of his family. George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, is considered the first member of the House of Hanover.When the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg was divided in 1635, George inherited the principalities of Calenberg and Göttingen, and in 1636 he moved his residence to Hanover.His son, Duke Ernest Augustus, was elevated to prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. The climate is mild in the north, but in the hilly country raw and cold in winter, and in autumn and spring damp. However, the Hanoverians still refused to accept the Prussian annexation of their kingdom. Their rule was marked by major building work to Celle Castle and also by numerous reforms which improved the legal situation of farmers vis-a-vis their local lords. The seats of power moved in the meantime from Brunswick and Lüneburg to Celle and Wolfenbüttel as the towns asserted their independence. Wolfenbüttel was eventually awarded[by whom?] John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg was born on April 25 1625, in Herzberg Am Harz, to George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt. Germany, Brunswick-Lüneburg, Georg Ludwig (George I of England, 1714-27), silver Taler, 1718 HCB, Clausthal, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right. Abdicated to his son in 1641. Brunswick Manifesto, Charles Wilhelm Ferdinand, Citizen Louis Capet, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, French Monarchy, French Revolution, Guillotine, King Louis XVI of France, National Convention While the revolutionary government frantically raised fresh troops and reorganised its armies, a Prussian-Austrian army under Charles Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick assembled at Coblenz on the Rhine. Around the Principality of Lüneburg and Brunswick ( later Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, the team plays in east! Of all these territories was that they were ruled by male-line descendants of Duke Georg of. 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