And eventually during the pontificate of John Paul II, after the reopening of the Uniate church in Ukraine, somehow all was forgiven, and those priests were reinstated. 'Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church'; Latin: Ecclesia Graeco-Catholica Ucrainae) is a Byzantine Rite Eastern … The term Greek Catholic refers to a Others see in Kiev the nu-cleus of a developing national awareness which took form as Ukra-inia, or separate national entity. Uniatism was not one of these, but Catholicism was and “some 200,000 ‘reunited’ believers in the Kholm-Podlachia region opted for Roman Catholicism and, inevitably, Polonization” (Bociurkiw 1996, 10). In addition there has been a flowering of Church life in the Uniate community, from the establishment of new eparchies to the opening of Ukrainian Catholic educational institutions. option. Theodore R. Weeks, “Between Rome and Tsargrad: The Uniate Church in Imperial Russia,” in of Religion and Empire: Missions, Conversion, and Tolerance in Tsarist Russia,” ed. Roman Catholicism was mostly practiced by ethnic minorities living in Ukraine, particularly the Poles. 1939 stands as the year when the Soviet’s passive stance on Galicia ended. The equality of the Ukrainian (Ruthenian) Uniate or Greek Catholic church with the Roman Catholic church in Austria was officially established by imperial decrees in 1813 and 1816. For centuries this region was dominated by Polish Catholic nobles who were the political elite over the mostly Orthodox peasantry. It attracts an international readership and scholars from a range of disciplines: language and linguistics, literature, history, political science, sociology, economics, anthropology, geography, folklore and the arts. It means that the church was formed after an unia between a part of the Ruthenian Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. But it isn’t so. As Europe became embroiled in World War I both Galician Uniates saw an opportunity to free their brethren under Russian control and unite all the Ukrainian lands. These tensions threatened to tear the Uniate Church apart, but for the most part the interwar period was one of expansion and strengthening for the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. This devoted nucleus consisted mostly of clergymen and congregants who continued to practice as Greek Catholics without official recognition from the state and without the support of the global Catholic Church hierarchy. 2008, Magosci, Paul Robert, “Greek Catholics: historical background”, in Mahieu, Stéphanie; Naumescu, Vlad, editors, Churches in-between: … Approximately 10 percent of the overall Ukrainian population are members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, sometimes known as the Uniate, Byzantine, or Eastern Rite Church. The Russian government meanwhile viewed this as a chance to attack the Galician Greek Catholic Church and with occupation of Galicia, Russia banned the public use of Ukrainian and shut down all Ukrainian cultural organizations except the Greek Catholic Church (Bociurkiw 1996, 14-15). CSP is a peer reviewed multidisciplinary journal, publishing original research—in English and French—on Central and Eastern Europe. Request Permissions. The Uniate Church struggled through conflicts between “Easternerizers” those who fiercely opposed the imposition of priestly celibacy by the Vatican and “Latinizers” who wanted to make the Uniate Church more like the Roman Catholic Church (Ibid.). Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue canadienne des slavistes (CSP) was established in 1956. Some insist on the unity of Russia as the logical outgrowth of historical development and continuation of the Kievan State. Others see in Kiev the nu-cleus of a developing national awareness which took form as Ukra-inia, or separate national entity. However, this moment of freedom and growth for the Uniate Church would not last. ©2000-2021 ITHAKA. HARVARD UKRAINIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE Disunion within the Union The Uniate Church and the Partitions of Poland. With the partitioning of Poland, the dioceses of the Uniate Church (later known as the Greek Catholic Church) were fractured by the borders of three regional hegemons. Many of the remaining Uniate faithful and their clergy became Orthodox and in order many left when the Austro-Hungarian army recaptured Galicia, however, Austrian control over the region would again be short lived. Over Catherine’s reign there was a demolition of the Uniate Church infrastructure and hierarchy. The “existence of the Uniates, a ‘third’ Christian faith in the confessional and geographic interstices between Orthodoxy to the East and Catholicism to the West, confused and violated the Russian state’s conception of the western border region” (Weeks, 72). In the meantime, General Secretary Thomas Kemper reminds us to, “Please keep the people of Ukraine and our missionaries serving there in your prayers. The new cultural relaxations of Gorbachev’s glasnost’ emboldened many Uniate clergymen and they began to reassert their rights to practice and worship openly. This latter they … For nearly the entirety of the interwar period the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire’s successor, remained largely unconcerned with Uniate affairs. JSTOR®, the JSTOR logo, JPASS®, Artstor®, Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA. The change prompted Mikhail Gorbachev to strike a deal while visiting the Vatican in which the Ukrainian Catholics would receive recognition as long as the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Patriarchate could come to an agreement on the redistribution of lands and property taken by the Soviet government (Bociurkiw 1995, 137-8). There is a great deal of similar examples with dates, parishes, names of clergy and laity in the Notes. However, in Galicia, the Uniate Church must compete with the Orthodox Patriarchate for congregants and for the rights to property (Bociurkiw 1995, 139). After the war, Stalin forced a sham synod of the Uniate Church in order to bring them back into line with the once again favored Russian Orthodox Church. The Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church (UGCC) is the largest Eastern Catholic Church of its own law (Ecclesia sui juris). The traditional name for Eastern or Byzantine rite churches in communion with the Roman Catholic Church.. Vatican City, Mar 4, 2018 / 12:00 am MT ().-The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church is not a patriarchate, but it would like to be. Moscow (AsiaNews) - The Moscow Patriarchate strongly condemned the Greek-Catholic (Uniate) Church in Ukraine for "meddling" in politics, in the current crisis in the country. Matters improved with the Ukrainian Greek Catholics, the largest of the sui iuris churches in communion with Rome. The church … “Ukraine has been blessed and damned as a land between the East and the West, as has been the Uniate or Greek Catholic Church, an institution poised between the Orthodox East and the Catholic West. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions The Uniate Church was established in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (which included Ukraine and Belarus) in 1596 at the Union of Brest. ian or Ukrainian Uniate Church, it is necessary to know something of the Ukraine2 and Ruthenia and its peoples. History : The Ukrainian Uniate Church was established in 1596 by the Union of Brest-Litovsk. UNIATE CHURCH. The agreement struck at Brest allowed for the Uniate Church to establish its own leadership and hierarchy as well as keep liturgy in the vernacular language, Church Slavonic, and other Eastern Christian customs, such as priestly marriage. Although they are distinct from the Roman Catholic Church, they are all in full communion with it and with each other. Related … Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute > Harvard Papers in Ukrainian Studies. - 0:10 Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, Omeljan Pritsak, Greek Catholic Church 18th century, Millenium of Rus'-Christianity - 1:23 Old Polish state was a multi-cultural, multi-religious environment: Roman Catholic was dominant faith, Greek Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Lutheran, Jewish, etc., a … Uniate believers had to practice secretly or not at all at the tail end of the nineteenth century. Articles are well balanced between modern, early-modern and medieval topics. The Uniates are Catholics of the eastern rite who recognise the Pope as head of the church. However, the Greek Catholic Church did have a strong core enabling the Church to survive through the Soviet period. The Catholic monarchy of the Austrian Empire supported the Uniate Church, allowing it to thrive as a bulwark against Russian expansionism and nascent Russian national feelings among Orthodox peasants in the region who expressed animosity to the Catholic elite of the Austrian Empire. Larry Wolff provides an erudite and fascinating insight into the late eighteenth century, when the Uniates, facing attempts by imperial Russia to destroy them, were … The Marriage of Ivan IV and Maria Temryukovna, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Vepkhistqaosani, “Knight in the Panther’s Skin”, Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), Bohdan Bociurkiw , “Politics and Religion in Ukraine: The Orthodox and the Greek Catholics,” in. This permitted Orthodox clergymen to continue observing the eastern rite while transferring their allegiance to the pope. The Russian government denied Uniate seminarians the opportunity to study in Warsaw and instead worked to coerce them to attend an Orthodox seminary in Kiev. The largest church within the Uniate Church is Ukrainian Catholic Church, which emerged as a result of the church union of Berestia (Brest-Litovsk) in 1596.Of the Soviet successor states, smaller pockets of Byzantine-rite Catholics also exist in … Pope John Paull II with Cardinal Josyf Slipyj at the episcopal consecration of Myroslav Ivan Lubachivsky, Dec. 11, 1979. Special thematic issues (or sections) appear regularly and undergo the journal's demanding review process. Almost at once there was a Russian assault on the Uniate Church. As the Russian Civil War raged in parts of Galicia were under Soviet control and in 1920 a Galician Soviet Socialist Republic was created, eliminating privileges for clergy and nationalizing Church lands. $18.95 • £15.95 • €17.00 ISBN 9780674246287. These churches are also called Eastern Catholic Churches, Oriental Catholic Churches, Eastern-rite Catholic Churches, or Uniate Churches. In the Kholm eparchy, the most exposed to Polonization and Western Catholicism, the Russian Empire saw a breeding ground for insurrection against the state Church and Tsar. Robert P. Geraci and Michael Khodarkovsky (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001). The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches, Eastern Rite Catholicism, or simply the Eastern Churches and in some historical cases referred to as Uniates, are twenty-three Eastern Christian sui iuris (autonomous) particular churches of the Catholic Church, in full communion with the pope in Rome. Access supplemental materials and multimedia. The journal is especially strong in Slavic linguistics; Russian literature and history; Ukrainian literature and history; Polish and Balkan history and culture. However, the Uniate believers received roughly the same level of treatment from Russia as they did from Poland. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. All of the Uniate priests in Right-bank Ukraine after the rebellion were replaced by Orthodox ones, and after the entry of the Russian troops (they entered the territory of the commonwealth to suppress the Haydamaky rebellion, since Catherine said she did not support Maksym Zalizniak’s uprising), Catherine ordered the all parishes to be transferred to the Orthodox Church and … One of these was Nicholas II’s “toleration” edict, which allowed for the free practice of many of the religions present in the Empire. Uniate Church in Poland-Lithuania Ukraine and Belarus. x Text. This group known as the Ukrainian Greek Catholic or Ukrainian Byzantine Catholic Church or, most commonly in Russian sources, the Uniate Church was established after the Union of Brest (1569). The collapse of the Soviet state and emergence for the first time ever of an independent Ukraine was in many ways the dream of the Uniate faithful. Bartholomew and currently unrecognized by any Orthodox Church in the world save the Patriarchate of Constantinople itself. Despite attempts at union in the twelfth, thirteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, and eighteenth centuries, the numbers of Uniate Copts remained small. This group known as the Ukrainian Greek Catholic or Ukrainian Byzantine Catholic Church or, most commonly in Russian sources, the Uniate Church was established after the Union of Brest (1569). The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC; Ukrainian: Українська Греко-Католицька Церква (УГКЦ); Latin: Ecclesia Graeco-Catholica Ucrainae) is a Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope and the worldwide Catholic Church.It is the second-largest particular church in the Catholic Church (after the Latin, or Roman, Church).It is part of the … Saint Peter wrote that once, during the service performed by the Uniate Metropolitan Ipatius Potsey, wine, instead of being converted into the Blood of Christ, turned into ordinary water. Ukrainian Catholic Church Ukrainian Greek Church Uniate Church: Official website: ugcc.ua: The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (UGCC; Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church: Українська Греко-Католицька Церква (УГКЦ), romanized: Ukrajins'ka Hreko-Katolic'ka Cerkva, lit. Preview #1 of an interview with Dr. Jessica Zychowicz on "Superfluous Women: Art, Feminism, and Revolution in Twenty-First-Century Ukraine," Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 11 January 2021. It turns out that the manager of the canonical church in Ukraine, Metropolitan Antoniy, consecrated the restored cathedral of the Vologda Kremlin. 'Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church'; Latin: Ecclesia Graeco-Catholica Ucrainae) is a Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope and the worldwide Catholic Church. Photo about degree, equirectangular, fresco - 155976128 Some insist on the unity of Russia as the logical outgrowth of historical development and continuation of the Kievan State. There is another entry – about the event, which showed the lack of grace of the Uniate Church. Over time and with the nurturing of the Austrian state, the Uniate Church’s influence and protection of Ukrainian culture and identity allowed for national awakening in Galicia and by the nineteenth century the cultural intelligentsia was almost entirely made up of the children of Uniate priests (Bociurkiw 1995, 133-4). These tactics almost entirely mimicked those used by the Russian Empire when it controlled Galicia and the bulk of the Uniate population. As delegates from around the world met in Paris to decide how to divide up the map, the Greek Catholic Church made an unequivocal push for Ukrainian statehood, however, the Great Powers did not see things their way and instead awarded Galicia wholesale to Poland (Bociurkiw 1996, 20-1). Catherine’s main goal in these actions was to “eliminate the barrier to the integration of the Ukrainians and Belarusians with the Russians and to eliminate the Polish nobility’s influence over them (Ibid.). Pope Leo XIII (r. 1878–1903) created a Coptic Patriarchate of Alexandria, Egypt, in 1895, and a Catholic Coptic synod elected Cyril Makarios (1867–1909) as patriarch in 1898. It is the second-largest particular church (sui juris) in the Catholic Church, second only to the Roman Catholic Church. The Hapsburg Empire annexed Galicia, the region of Ukraine where most Uniate believers lived, during the first partition of Poland in 1772 (Bociurkiw 1996, 5). LVIV, UKRAINE - AUGUST 2019: Full spherical seamless hdri panorama 360 degrees inside interior of old gothic uniate church of. This move allowed the Russian Empire to appease some believers who felt attachment to the pope and also to break some Ukrainian national sentiment which was tied to Uniate worship and belief which threatened Russian national cohesion. ian or Ukrainian Uniate Church, it is necessary to know something of the Ukraine2 and Ruthenia and its peoples. The meeting began with an exchange of gifts. This reunion involved the signing of an “Act of Reunion” in 1839 and Nicholas I feted the event with the striking of commemorative medals and naming Semashko an archbishop (Bociurkiw 1996, 7). Instead they became the domain of the newly formed Polish state. The Ukrainian Uniate Church recognises the primacy of the see of Rome but retains its own eastern traditions, for example allowing its clergy to marry. Publication Date: 01/06/2020. World. This agreement was reached at a meeting between the Pope and Gorbachev on December 1st 1989, but today it is presented in Ukraine as a “triumph of justice”, a call of the Ukrainian spirit, and a … All Rights Reserved. The Uniate Church claims five to six million adherents - mainly in western Ukraine - plus a further 1.5m among ethnic Ukrainians living in Russia. Read your article online and download the PDF from your email or your account. See all: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute Between 1772 and 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria concluded agreements to annex and eradicate the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania. One must remember that Galicia and other lands populated with Uniate Church members have been hotly contested throughout its history. Soon afterwards many missionaries from the Byzantine Empire arrived, having been sent by the Patriarch of Constantinople to preach the Gospel. Beginning with the 1923 trial of Cieplak, Budkiewicz, and other Catholic leaders, the successive waves of persecution had by the late 1930's … History : The Ukrainian Uniate Church was established in 1596 by the Union of Brest-Litovsk. As far back as 1828 the government set up a committee on the “Orthodoxization” of the Uniates with a former Uniate priest, Iosyf Semashko, leading the assault on the Uniate Church (Bociurkiw 1996, 5-6). Only with Nikita Khrushchev’s pardons of those imprisoned and killed during the Thaw did the Uniate Church regain some footing (Bociurkiw 1995, 135). - The Uniate Church and the Partitions of Poland," Florence, Italy, 6 January 2021. Global Ministries is monitoring the situation closely as new developments arise. The “Orthodox Church of Ukraine” (OCU), newly-recognized by the hierarchs of the Greek Orthodox Church, continues to flaunt the canonical norms of Orthodoxy and serve with various other schismatic groups and even Catholics. The policies against the Eastern Catholic Church within Russia were quite an organized affair. The see remained vacant from 1908 to 1947, when Mark II Khouzam (1888–1958) was elected patriarch. Those priests and monks who were discovered to be “recalcitrant” and practicing the now absorbed Greek Catholic faith were sent to gulags. Bartholomew and Svyatoslav Shevchuk discussed the situation in Ukraine, and in particular, “ecumenical relations” between the Uniates and the schismatic “Orthodox Church of Ukraine” (OCU), created by Pat. The Orthodox Church of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Православна церква України, romanized: Pravoslavna tserkva Ukrayiny) (OCU), or Ukrainian Orthodox Church, is a partially recognized autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church whose canonical territory is Ukraine. Ukrainian Orthodox clergymen trained at the Kiev Academy were instrumental in this conversion effort, and their arguments against the Uniate Church represented standard pro-Orthodox propaganda used by the Russian church and state to degrade the Uniates and to justify the efforts to abolish this church within the Russian empire. In the western European diocese of the Uniate Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, they are proud of their Banderist heritage The main Uniate information resource has once again started snitching. The Eastern Catholic churches don’t “do it right” because such presumes that these churches are already unproblematically Orthodox without remainder, bearing no difference from the Orthodox sister churches of their historic jurisdictions. The World Council of Churches’ general secretary has expressed concern over Ukraine in a recent press release. 160 pages. However, following a Soviet-Polish armistice a month later dissolved the Galicial Soviet Socialist Republic and the Treaty of Riga a year later solidified the Polish-Soviet border for the remainder of the interwar period (Ibid.). However, the powers granted to the Halych metropolitans in 1807 were later (in the second half of the 19th century) significantly curtailed and restricted. It was this cultural elite which founded Ukrainian language schools and literary institutions as a means of projecting and defending a notion of Ukrainian national identity. This paper introduces a previously … The Roman Catholic Church in Ukraine has had a very limited presence in the country for around the last 500 years since for most of Ukraine's history Eastern Orthodox Church and the Uniate Church have been the dominant Christian religions. The Polish government and Catholic Church instituted Polonization of schools and Polish colonization of Western Ukraine (Bociurkiw 1996) . Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. The traditional name for Eastern or Byzantine rite churches in communion with the Roman Catholic Church.. UNIATE CHURCH. As the millennium of the Baptism of Rus’ approached in 1988 there was a push among some Ukrainian Greek Orthodox clergymen to come out of hiding and implore the pope to recognize them and to help restore their Church in Ukraine (Bociurkiw 1995, 136). There was a modicum of respite for Uniates in the early twentieth century when political pressures and uprisings forced the Russian Empire to make some changes towards modernization and protecting personal freedoms. Russia did not maintain control over Western Ukraine or the other Uniate strongholds indefinitely. The Church was originally established in 1596, when most of today's Ukraine was part of Catholic Poland. Following the failed Polish Uprising in 1863, the Russian government equated, often not incorrectly, the Kholm eparchy’s leadership with advocacy for Polish independence from the Russian Empire. The Russian Orthodox Church greeted this as an opportunity to gain more congregants, but there was a vocal and ardent underground movement of priests, believers and later bishops, allowing it to survive (Corley, 322). This initiated a second push for the wholesale dismantling of the Uniate Church along with Russian colonization to the region to dilute the power of the Uniate Church and its Ukrainian national identity. Larry Wolff. These events paved the way for a “reunion” between the Uniate and Russian Orthodox Churches. Once the Soviet Army took control of Western Ukraine, the persecution of the Uniate Church began almost at once (Corley, 322). All of the Uniate priests in Right-bank Ukraine after the rebellion were replaced by Orthodox ones, and after the entry of the Russian troops (they entered the territory of the commonwealth to suppress the Haydamaky rebellion, since Catherine said she did not support Maksym Zalizniak’s uprising), Catherine ordered the all parishes to be transferred to the Orthodox Church and … The negotiation of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact, which paved the way for the Soviet invasion into Poland and other lands of Western Ukraine that had formerly been part of the Russian Empire, chief among them, Galicia. However, the Soviet state remained officially atheist and worked almost exclusively with the Russian Orthodox Church, the historical antagonist of the Uniates, when it came to matters of religious import, pushing Uniatism to the fringes of Soviet and even Ukrainian life. In addition they began to proudly tout their unique Ukrainian national identity. 6 x 9 inches. THE UNIATE CHURCH IN THE SOVIET UKRAINE 91 In terms of its political rating with the Bolsheviks, Catholicism had been, since the early 1920's, accorded one of the least favorable posi-tions in the sliding scale of official toleration. Moreover, by the 1870s there was another aggressive movement towards further “reunion” and in 1874 the government required all parish priests and at least two parishioners to sign a document supporting a “return” to the Russian Orthodox Church, those who refused were deported to Russia without their families and their children were taken to be raised Orthodox, understandably, most priests complied (Bociurkiw 1996, 9-10). JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. During the meeting, the Uniate Archbishop emphasized that from the historic moment when the autocephaly of the Church of Ukraine was proclaimed, the main interlocutor regarding the ecumenical dialogue for the Greek Catholic Church of Ukraine is no longer the Russian Orthodox Church, but the Orthodox Church of Ukraine.” The Uniate Archbishop also proposed to … The journal is the official publication of the Canadian Association of Slavists (CAS). Four dioceses were erected, and the number of fa… Despite His Beatitude Sviatoslav Shevchuk’s courageous insistence (against the Kremlin’s slanders) that the … Select the purchase The largest church within the Uniate Church is Ukrainian Catholic Church, which emerged as a result of the church union of Berestia (Brest-Litovsk) in 1596.Of the Soviet successor states, smaller pockets of Byzantine-rite Catholics also exist in Belarus. Ukrainian Catholic Church Eastern Christianity took a firm root in Ukraine in 989 when Vladimir, Prince of Kiev, embraced the Christian Faith and was baptized. The Uniate Church was established in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (which included Ukraine and Belarus) in 1596 at the Union of Brest. Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne des Slavistes. … Add to Cart Product Details. Catherine the Great instituted a wide scale campaign to convert Uniates to Russian Orthodoxy and change Uniate priests into Russian Orthodox ones (Bociurkiw 1996, 5). Somehow one of them, a ringleader by the name of Ivan Muzychka, … The end of World War I witnessed the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. PAPERBACK. The Uniate “Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church” (UGCC) celebrates the 30th anniversary of the beginning of the official registration of its communities in the USSR. Canadian Slavonic Papers / Revue Canadienne des Slavistes In 1967 it began appearing twice yearly, becoming a quarterly in 1968. This latter they … By the mid-1830s there was a more organized attack on the Uniate Church and once the old stalwart Metropolitan Bulhak died, Semashko took control of the Greco-Uniate College, which was subordinated to the Russian Orthodox Church. Modern, early-modern and medieval topics awareness which took form as Ukra-inia, or national! 1596 by the Union of Brest-Litovsk believers received roughly the same level of treatment from Russia as they did Poland. To gulags mean the total destruction and end of the sui iuris Churches in communion the! Catholics of the Vologda Kremlin Reveal Digital™ and ITHAKA® are registered trademarks of ITHAKA freedom and for... Are all in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church World War I witnessed the dissolution of Ukraine2! 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